Numbers

 Native Data Types

Numbers

In Python, numbers are a fundamental data type used to represent numerical values. There are three main types of numbers in Python: integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers.

1. Integers (`int`):

   Integers represent whole numbers, both positive and negative, without any decimal point. Examples of integers are `-10`, `0`, `42`. In Python, integers can be of arbitrary size, meaning they can be very large or very small.

   Example:

   ```python

   a = 10

   b = -5

   c = 0

   ```

2. Floating-Point Numbers (`float`):

   Floating-point numbers, or floats, represent numbers with a decimal point or in exponential notation. Examples include `3.14`, `-0.001`, `2.0e3` (which is equivalent to 2000.0). Floating-point numbers can represent a wide range of values, including fractions and very large or small numbers.

   Example:

   ```python

   pi = 3.14159

   temperature = -12.34

   ```

3. Complex Numbers (`complex`):

   Complex numbers are represented by a real part and an imaginary part, both of which are floating-point numbers. The imaginary part is denoted by `j` or `J`. Example: `3 + 2j`.

   Example:

   ```python

   z = 2 + 3j

   ```

Python provides various arithmetic operations for numbers, including addition (`+`), subtraction (`-`), multiplication (`*`), division (`/`), modulus (`%`), exponentiation (`**`), and floor division (`//`).

```python

a = 10

b = 5

# Arithmetic operations

sum_ab = a + b  # 15

difference_ab = a - b  # 5

product_ab = a * b  # 50

quotient_ab = a / b  # 2.0

remainder_ab = a % b  # 0

power_ab = a ** b  # 100000

floor_div_ab = a // b  # 2

```

Understanding numbers and how to use them in Python is essential for performing calculations, solving problems, and creating various applications.