Python Input and Output Functions
Python Input and Output Functions
In Python, you can use various input and output (I/O) functions to interact with the user, read from and write to files, and handle data. Here are some commonly used input and output functions in Python:
Input Functions:
1. `input(prompt)`:
- This function allows you to take user input from the keyboard.
- The `prompt` is an optional string that is displayed to the user as a message or question.
- The function returns a string containing the user's input.
```python
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello, " + name + "!")
```
2. `int(input(prompt))`:
- This function is used to read an integer input from the user.
- The `prompt` is an optional message displayed to the user.
- It returns an integer based on the user's input.
```python
age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
```
3. `float(input(prompt))`:
- Similar to `int(input(prompt))`, this function is used to read a floating-point number input from the user.
- It returns a float based on the user's input.
```python
temperature = float(input("Enter the temperature in Celsius: "))
```
Output Functions:
1. `print(...)`:
- The `print` function is used to display output to the console.
- You can pass one or more values separated by commas to `print`.
- By default, `print` adds a newline character at the end, but you can change this behavior using the `end` parameter.
```python
print("Hello, World!")
```
2. `formatted strings`:
- You can use formatted strings to display variables and values in a specific format.
- The f-string (formatted string literal) allows you to embed expressions inside string literals, denoted by an 'f' or 'F' before the string.
```python
name = "Alice"
age = 30
print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")
```
3. File I/O:
- Python provides functions for reading from and writing to files, such as `open()`, `read()`, `write()`, and `close()`.
- You can use `open()` to open a file, `read()` to read its contents, `write()` to write data to it, and `close()` to close the file.
```python
# Writing to a file
with open("my_file.txt", "w") as file:
file.write("Hello, file!")
# Reading from a file
with open("my_file.txt", "r") as file:
content = file.read()
print(content)
```
These are some of the basic input and output functions in Python. You can use them to interact with users, display information, and work with files. Python offers more advanced I/O capabilities, such as reading and writing in different modes (text mode and binary mode), handling exceptions, and working with structured data formats like JSON and CSV.
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